Melatonin and its protective role against male reproductive toxicity induced by heavy metals,environmental pollutants,and chemotherapy: A review

Melatonin, as a ubiquitous indoleamine hormone, is synthesized primarily by the pineal gland. It has diverse biological effects through quite complex mechanisms. More recently, studies have focused on the mechanism of melatonin in anti-reproductive toxicity/damage. Since melatonin possesses strong antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties, researchers have examined its potential role in protecting against male reproductive toxicity/damage, which may be induced by chemotherapy or environmental toxicants and can lead to male infertility. In this article, recent progress regarding the protective effects of melatonin on male reproductive toxicity/damage is reviewed.     

不同改良措施对排土场土壤微形态影响的试验研究

以铁矿排土场废石土为研究对象,自制模型试验装置,设计4种基质改良方法,开展SEM检测实验,并应用IPP软件对SEM照片进行定量化分析,研究在不同改良措施下对铁矿排土场土壤微结构的影响。结果表明：单施3%有机肥土壤孔隙度为16%,与对照组排土场原矿土相比增加了60%。复合施用3%有机肥、掺拌30%的黄土的处理孔隙度达到最大33%。单施3%有机肥、5%有机肥对土壤大团聚体含量皆有显著的促进作用,复合施有机肥、掺拌黄土的处理与单施有机肥的处理对比,土壤大团聚体含量增加并不显著。各改良措施的MWD与FMD均随着土壤中大团聚体的含量增加而增加。     

Protein quality and antioxidant properties of soymilk derived from black soybean after in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion

Protein quality and antioxidant properties of soymilk derived from black soybean (eight varieties) in China were analysed following in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion (including dialysis). Soymilk from black soybean possessed high okara weight but low yield, protein content and sensory scores. The in vitro digestibility of protein in all black soymilk samples was higher than 60%, and the Shenmu black soybean exhibited the highest digestibility. Non-digested milk from the black soybean exhibited significantly high total phenolic content (TPC) (127.15–173.04 mg/100 mL), ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) (272.18–366.27 μmol L⁻¹) and DPPH free radical-scavenging activity (61.20–83.81%). These parameters were significantly lower in the non-digested soymilk than those in soymilk after gastric digestion but higher than those of soymilk in the dialysed fraction. Gastric digestion significantly increased bioactive compound levels released from black soymilk, and the bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds was 24.37–36.05%. Hence, black soymilk was sufficiently available for human absorption.     

不同来源的二醋片在醋酸烟用丝束生产中的应用

不同来源的二醋片在使用中分别出现了堆积密度小、颗粒不均匀、溶解性差、浆液中出现大量柔性和刚性杂质、烛形过滤器先后发现黑色杂质和纤维不溶物、产品断头率超出质量控制目标、丝束飞花较高等问题,受到烟厂抱怨和投诉。针对这些问题进行分析,采取了一系列改进措施,使得在应用不同来源状态下的二醋片条件下,丝束产品质量得到有效控制和稳步提高。     

离子色谱-脉冲安培法测定饮料中的聚葡萄糖的含量

通过优化标准方法AOAC 2000.11和GB 5009.245-2016的样品前处理过程，简单、高效准确地分析饮料中添加的聚葡萄糖含量。方法 样品经离心超滤净化，去除基质干扰，采用色谱柱分离，离子色谱-脉冲安培检测器测定，外标法定量。结果 聚葡萄糖在0.20 ~ 2.00 g/L的浓度范围内呈良好线性关系 (R2 > 0.999)。方法检出限和定量限分别为0.01 和0.03 g/L，三个添加水平的平均加标回收率为90.0%~98.8%，相对标准偏差为0.63%~2.36%。同时考察了市场上10种不同品类的饮料，加标回收率为93.0%-105%。结论 本方法样品前处理简单、快速、广泛适用于饮料中添加的聚葡萄糖含量测定。     

Preparation of near net size porous alumina-calcium aluminate ceramics by gelcasting-pore-forming agent processs

In the processing of porous ceramics, shrinkage from green body to sintered compact during drying and sintering is one of the key concerns which affect microstructure and properties of porous ceramics. Through releasing gases from the burning of the pore forming agents, and volume expansion from the formation of low density resultants during sintering, the sintering shrinkage can be effectively compensated and near net size preparation can be achieved. Herein, near net size porous alumina-calcium aluminate ceramics with controllable shrinkage have been prepared using a combination of gelcasting and pore-forming agent process by adjusting the amount of CaCO₃ and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) microspheres added. Al₂O₃ and CaCO₃ were used as raw materials, PMMA microspheres were used as pore-forming agent, isobutylene/maleic anhydride copolymer (Isobam104) was used as gelling agent and dispersing agent. The effects of the addition amounts of CaCO₃ and PMMA in the slurry on the phase composition, shrinkage, porosity, and strength of porous alumina-calcium aluminate ceramics were investigated. The results show that as the CaCO₃ addition amount increases from 0 to 20 wt%, the shrinkage of the samples gradually decreases from 7.3% to −1.4%, and the consequent porosity increases from 58% to 66%, while the compressive strength increases from 5.9 to 15.5 MPa. When PMMA content increases from 10 to 50 wt%, the shrinkage of the samples decreases first and then increases, the porosity increases from 51% to 74%, and the compressive strength decreases from 12.5 to 5.3 MPa. The mechanisms for controlling shrinkages during preparation of porous alumina-calcium aluminate ceramics can be attributed to the following aspects: on one hand, gas release from burning of PMMA and decomposition of CaCO₃ during sintering; on the other hand, volume expansion due to the formation of lower density calcium aluminates which come from the reactions between CaO and Al₂O₃. The near net size preparation technique is of great significance for the manufacture of porous ceramics since the subsequent machining cost can be effectively reduced.     

PLA-g-GMA的制备及其对PLA/PPC共混体系性能的影响

采用双螺杆挤出机将甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)接枝到聚乳酸(PLA)上,而后将接枝产物(PLA-g-GMA)与聚乳酸(PLA)、聚碳酸亚丙酯(PPC)反应性共混,考察了接枝物中GMA加入量变化对PLA/PPC/PLA-g-GMA共混体系的力学性能、热稳定性能的影响,并对共混体系的断裂机理进行了研究。结果表明,PLA-g-GMA的引入能够在一定程度上改善PLA与PPC的相容性。随着接枝物中GMA加入量的增加,共混物的冲击强度、断裂伸长率及拉伸强度均呈现出先升高后降低的趋势,并在接枝物中GMA加入量为3%时达到最大值。扫描电镜结果显示,PLA-g-GMA引入后共混物的韧性断裂特征越发显著,其冲击断裂方式由脆性断裂过渡为韧性断裂。热失重分析结果显示,加入PLA-g-GMA后共混物的起始分解温度和完全分解温度均有一定程度的提高。     

SBA-15固载磷钨酸催化剂的制备及催化合成叔丁基苯酚

以不同硅烷偶联剂改性的介孔分子筛SBA-15为载体、PW_(12)为催化剂,通过对SBA-15表面共价及非共价修饰制备磷钨酸@介孔分子筛/硅烷偶联剂复合催化剂PW_(12)@SBA-15/YSiX_3(YSiX_3=Apts、Atapts、Papts);并利用FT-IR、XRD、TEM、N_2吸附-脱附对其组成、结构及形貌进行表征。以改性SBA-15分子筛固载磷钨酸催化剂催化合成叔丁基苯酚为研究对象,考察不同硅烷偶联剂、反应温度、苯酚与叔丁醇物质的量比对催化合成叔丁基苯酚的影响,并获得合成叔丁基苯酚的最佳工艺条件,即反应温度145℃、n(苯酚)∶n(叔丁醇)=1∶2.5、重时空速2.2 h~(-1),该最佳反应条件下,PW_(12)@SBA-15/Apts催化剂催化合成叔丁基苯酚的催化活性最高,苯酚转化率为98.3%,2,4-二叔丁基苯酚选择性为57.3%.